Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 22
Filter
1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 59: e20402, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429962

ABSTRACT

Abstract Counterfeiting of medicines, also known as "falsification" or "adulteration", is the process in which the identity, origin, or history of genuine medicines are intentionally modified. Currently, counterfeit medicines are a global crisis that affects and is mostly caused by developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. These countries lack strict law enforcement against this practice and have low-income populations with medicinal needs. Lately, the crisis has escalated, impacting developed countries as well, e.g., the US and the EU, mainly via the Internet. Despite this extension, some current laws aim to control and minimize the crisis' magnitude. Falsification of medicines maintains an illegitimate supply chain that is connected to the legitimate one, both of which are extremely complex, making such falsification difficult to control. Furthermore, political and economic causes are related to the crisis' hasty growth, causing serious consequences for individuals and public health, as well as for the economy of different countries. Recently, organizations, technologies and initiatives have been created to overcome the situation. Nevertheless, the development of more effective measures that could aggregate all the existing strategies into a large functioning network could help prevent the acquisition of counterfeit medicines and create awareness among the general population.


Subject(s)
Brazil , Counterfeit Drugs/adverse effects , Fraud/legislation & jurisprudence , e-Commerce , Legislation, Drug/standards
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 120(11): e20220822, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520146

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento O uso abusivo de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) tem sido associado à doença arterial coronariana (DAC). A atenuação de gordura pericoronária (AGp) é um marcador de inflamação coronária, a qual exerce um papel chave no processo aterosclerótico. Objetivo Avaliar AGp e perfil inflamatório em usuários de EAA. Método Vinte indivíduos que realizavam treinamento de força, usuários de EAA (UEAA), 20 não usuários de EAA (NUEAA), e 10 indivíduos sedentários controle (SC) foram avaliados. Inflamação coronária foi avaliada por atenuação de gordura pericoronária média (AGPm) artéria coronária direita (ACD), artéria descendente anterior esquerda (ADA) e artéria circunflexa (ACX). Interleucina (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, e TNF-alfa foram avaliados por densidade ótica (DO) em um espectrofotômetro com um filtro de 450 nm. Um p<0,05 indicou significância estatística. Resultados Os UEAA apresentaram maior AGPm na ACD [-65,87 (70,51-60,70) vs. -78,07 (83,66-72,87) vs.-78,46 (85,41-71,99] unidades Hounsfield (HU), respectivamente, p<0,001) e AGPm na ADA [-71,47 (76,40-66,610 vs. -79,32 (84,37-74,59) vs. -82,52 (88,44-75,81) HU, respectivamente, p=0,006) em comparação aos NUEAA e CS. A AGPm na ACX não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [-72,41 (77,17-70,37) vs. -80,13 (86,22-72,23) vs. -78,29 (80,63-72,29) HU, respectivamente, p=0,163). Em comparação aos NUEAA e aos CS, o grupo UEAA apresentaram maiores níveis de IL-1 [0,975 (0,847-1,250) vs. 0,437 (0,311-0,565) vs. 0,530 (0,402-0,780) DO, respectivamente, p=0,002), IL-6 [1,195 (0,947-1,405) vs. 0,427 (0,377-0,577) vs. 0,605 (0,332-0,950) DO, p=0,005) e IL-10 [1,145 (0,920-1,292) vs. 0,477 (0,382-0,591) vs. 0,340 (0,316-0,560) DO, p<0,001]. TNF-α não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [0,520 (0,250-0,610) vs. 0,377 (0.261-0,548) vs. 0,350 (0,182-430)]. Conclusão Em comparação aos NUEAA e controles, os UEAA apresentam maior AGPm e maior perfil de citocinas inflamatórias sistêmicas, sugerindo que os EAA podem induzir aterosclerose por inflamação coronária e sistêmica.


Abstract Background Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Pericoronary fat attenuation (pFA) is a marker of coronary inflammation, which is key in the atherosclerotic process. Objective To evaluate pFA and inflammatory profile in AAS users. Methods Twenty strength-trained AAS users (AASU), 20 AAS nonusers (AASNU), and 10 sedentary controls (SC) were evaluated. Coronary inflammation was evaluated by mean pericoronary fat attenuation (mPFA) in the right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and left circumflex (LCx). Interleukin (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were evaluated by optical density (OD) in a spectrophotometer with a 450 nm filter. P<0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results AASU had higher mPFA in the RCA (-65.87 [70.51-60.70] vs. -78.07 [83.66-72.87] vs.-78.46 [85.41-71.99] Hounsfield Units (HU), respectively, p<0.001) and mPFA in the LAD (-71.47 [76.40-66.61] vs. -79.32 [84.37-74.59] vs. -82.52 [88.44-75.81] HU, respectively, p=0.006) compared with AASNU and SC. mPFA in the LCx was not different between AASU, AASNU, and SC (-72.41 [77.17-70.37] vs. -80.13 [86.22-72.23] vs. -78.29 [80.63-72.29] HU, respectively, p=0.163). AASU compared with AASNU and SC, had higher IL-1, (0.975 [0.847-1.250] vs. 0.437 [0.311-0.565] vs. 0.530 [0.402-0.780] OD, respectively, p=0.002), IL-6 (1.195 [0.947-1.405] vs. 0.427 [0.377-0.577] vs. 0.605 [0.332-0.950] OD, p=0.005) and IL-10 (1.145 [0.920-1.292] vs. 0.477 [0.382-0.591] vs. 0.340 [0.316-0.560] OD, p<0.001). TNF-α was not different between the AASU, AASNU, and SC groups (0.520 [0.250-0.610] vs. 0.377 [0.261-0.548] vs. 0.350 [0.182-430]), respectively. Conclusion Compared with ASSNU and controls, AASU have higher mPFA and higher systemic inflammatory cytokines profile suggesting that AAS may induce coronary atherosclerosis through coronary and systemic inflammation.

3.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 48(2): 90-98, Mar.-Apr. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248778

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Depression is a highly disabling common mental disorder and, due to its multifactorial nature, the development of effective therapies is challenging and of great relevance. Ayahuasca (AYA), an entheogenic traditional beverage, has emerged as an alternative for antidepressant treatment, however, AYA preclinical and clinical trials are still incipient. Objectives: This investigation aimed to evaluate some behavioral and biochemical effects of AYA subchronic administration in rats submitted to a model of depression elicited by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Methods: 500 mg/kg of AYA was administered in adult male rats once a day for 15 days before submitting the animals to UCMS. Anhedonia-like and locomotion behavior, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and sulfhydryl/nitrite content were evaluated. Results: AYA intake failed to prevent anhedonia-like behavior. Locomotion was not altered by AYA consumption or by the experimental condition. UCMS increased TBARS and nitrites levels, decreased the levels of catalase in the cerebral cortex and of Sulfhydryl in the hippocampus. AYA treatment counteracted these biochemical alterations but did not display any alterations in non-stressed rats. Conclusions: Taken together, results indicate an adaptogenic antioxidant molecular mechanism of AYA in relation to depression induced by stress.

4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-192300

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Despite the enhancing effects of hyaluronidase (HYAL) over duration of anesthesia, this enzyme could cause adverse effects when injected concomitantly with local anesthetics in dental blocks. Objective: This study aimed to assess the tissue alterations caused by a local anesthetic protocol consisting of a late HYAL injection and confirm its functional effectiveness. Materials and Methods: The protocol efficacy was proved by evaluating sensory and motor functions in rats. The sciatic nerve was blocked with 2% lidocaine (LID) with epinephrine (n = 25). Thirty minutes later, 75 TRU/ml HYAL was injected into the same site (experimental group, LID/HYAL). One week later, this protocol was repeated in the contralateral hindlimb, injecting only HYAL's vehicle (control group, LID/vehicle [LID/V]). To observe the integrity of the local tissues, histological specimens were obtained 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment with LID/HYAL or LID/V (n = 16 each) and stained with hematoxylin/eosin and picrosirius red. Results: Local inflammation was similar in both groups. The integrity of the nerve fibers was preserved, in spite of some inflammation-associated injuries in the surrounding tissues. The reversible tissue disorganization caused by HYAL, probably facilitated the diffusion of the residual anesthetic to the nerve, resulting in a prolonged anesthetic effect (P < 0.05). Conclusions: No irreversible morphological alterations are caused by the administration of HYAL prior the end of the LID-induced block. Moreover, this protocol prolongs LID's anesthetic effect.

5.
Clinics ; 73: e226, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890749

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Misuse of anabolic androgenic steroids in athletes is a strategy used to enhance strength and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. However, its abuse leads to an imbalance in muscle sympathetic nerve activity, increased vascular resistance, and increased blood pressure. However, the mechanisms underlying these alterations are still unknown. Therefore, we tested whether anabolic androgenic steroids could impair resting baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac sympathovagal control. In addition, we evaluate pulse wave velocity to ascertain the arterial stiffness of large vessels. METHODS: Fourteen male anabolic androgenic steroid users and 12 nonusers were studied. Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were recorded. Baroreflex sensitivity was estimated by the sequence method, and cardiac autonomic control by analysis of the R-R interval. Pulse wave velocity was measured using a noninvasive automatic device. RESULTS: Mean spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, baroreflex sensitivity to activation of the baroreceptors, and baroreflex sensitivity to deactivation of the baroreceptors were significantly lower in users than in nonusers. In the spectral analysis of heart rate variability, high frequency activity was lower, while low frequency activity was higher in users than in nonusers. Moreover, the sympathovagal balance was higher in users. Users showed higher pulse wave velocity than nonusers showing arterial stiffness of large vessels. Single linear regression analysis showed significant correlations between mean blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity and pulse wave velocity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence for lower baroreflex sensitivity and sympathovagal imbalance in anabolic androgenic steroid users. Moreover, anabolic androgenic steroid users showed arterial stiffness. Together, these alterations might be the mechanisms triggering the increased blood pressure in this population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects , Vagus Nerve/drug effects , Cardiovascular System/drug effects , Baroreflex/drug effects , Anabolic Agents/adverse effects , Androgens/adverse effects , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/drug effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Baroreflex/physiology , Vascular Stiffness/drug effects , Pulse Wave Analysis
6.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 54(1): e17174, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951914

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Ayahuasca is a beverage with psychoactive properties used in religious and ceremonial rituals by some religious groups. The main active components of ayahuasca are dimethyltryptamine and the harmala alkaloids with ß-carboline structure acting as monoamine oxidase A inhibitors. This combination produces a pronounced activation of serotonergic pathways and presents potential interaction with other psychotropics. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible interactions between ayahuasca and agents employed in general anesthesia. The pharmacological interactions between ayahuasca and morphine or propofol were evaluated in mice using doses of 12, 120 and 1200 mg/kg (0.1 to 10 times the average dose consumed by humans in religious rituals). Ayahuasca alone showed an antinociceptive effect in the writhing and formalin tests, and intensified the analgesic effect of morphine in the hot plate test. Concerning the pharmacological interactions between ayahuasca and propofol, the results were opposite; ayahuasca intensified the depressant effect of propofol in the rotarod test, but decreased the sleeping time induced by propofol. These set of results showed the occurrence of some interactions between ayahuasca and the drugs morphine and propofol, possibly by both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics mechanisms


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Drug Interactions , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Morphine/analysis , Beverages/adverse effects , Propofol/analysis , Banisteriopsis/adverse effects , Psychotria/adverse effects , Analgesics/adverse effects
7.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 20(6): 1843-1849, 06/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-748399

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho objetivou verificar a prevalência do uso de drogas psicoativas (anfetamina, metanfetamina, canabinoides, cocaína, opioides e benzodiazepínicos) entre policiais militares do Estado de Goiás. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de amostras de urina cedidas voluntariamente pelos policiais participantes da pesquisa, os quais foram esclarecidos em relação à metodologia do estudo e assinaram o TCLE. As amostras foram submetidas à análise de triagem por imunocromatografia (Multi-DrugOneStep Test®) e, aquelas positivas, foram confirmadas por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Os resultados apontaram a presença das seguintes drogas: anfetaminas (0,33%); canabinoides (0,67%); benzodiazepínicos (1,34%); 97,66% foram resultados negativos. A distribuição dos casos positivos foi: benzodiazepínicos (57,1%); canabinoides (28,6%) e anfetaminas (14,3%). Conclui-se que os achados de substâncias psicoativas na amostra de policiais militares voluntários chama a atenção sobre a necessidade da implantação de testes de drogas no efetivo da polícia militar e de políticas públicas preventivas, que visem evitar as consequências do consumo abusivo de psicotrópicos.


The present study aimed to verify the prevalence of psychoactive drug use (amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opioids and benzodiazepines) among military police officers in the state of Goiás. Data were obtained from urine samples voluntarily provided by the officers participating in the study, who were informed of the study methods and signed a free and informed consent form. The samples were subject to screening analysis by immunochromatography (Multi-DrugOneStep Test®), with positive tests confirmed by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and data analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results indicated the presence of the following drugs: amphetamines (0.33%), cannabinoids (0.67%) and benzodiazepines (1.34%); 97.66% showed negative results. The positive cases were distributed as follows: benzodiazepines (57.1%); cannabinoids (28.6%) and amphetamines (14.3%). In conclusion, the detection of psychoactive substances in voluntary sampling of military police officers indicates the need to implement drug testing among active military officers and preventive public policies aimed at eliminating the abusive consumption of psychotropic drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Psychotropic Drugs , Police , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Military Personnel , Psychotropic Drugs/adverse effects , Substance Abuse Detection , Substance-Related Disorders/urine
8.
Cad. saúde pública ; 29(9): 1903-1909, Set. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-686775

ABSTRACT

O uso de anfetaminas por motoristas de caminhão com fins ocupacionais é amplamente reconhecido, entretanto, no mês de outubro de 2011, sua produção e uso foram proibidos através de uma resolução da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o uso de anfetaminas entre motoristas de caminhão após a implementação da referida resolução. Uma amostra de conveniência de 427 motoristas de caminhão foi abordada em rodovias do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, durante o ano de 2012. Os participantes foram solicitados a responder um instrumento de pesquisa estruturado, assim como fornecer uma amostra de urina para avaliar o uso recente de anfetaminas através de análise toxicológica. Entre os motoristas avaliados, 7% fizeram uso recente de alguma substância ilícita, dos quais 2,7% usaram anfetaminas. Aparte a periculosidade associada ao uso de anfetaminas, assim como a despeito da resolução que o regulamenta, esse uso continua entre os motoristas de caminhão. Assim, sugere-se que as autoridades competentes fiscalizem a posse, assim como o uso de anfetaminas no contexto do trânsito.


Amphetamine use by truck drivers for occupational purposes is widely known. The production and consumption of amphetamines was banned by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) in October 2011. This study analyzes persistent amphetamine use by truck drivers since the ban was implemented. A convenience sample of 427 truck drivers was taken along highways in São Paulo State in 2012. Participants were asked to answer a structured questionnaire and provide a urine sample to screen for recent amphetamine consumption through toxicological analysis. Among the interviewed drivers, 7% had used some illicit drug recently and 2.7% had used amphetamines. Amphetamines are still consumed by truck drivers despite the risks and the recent ban. The authorities should thus monitor the possession and use of amphetamines by drivers in order to effectively enforce the ban.


El uso de anfetaminas con fines profesionales entre los conductores de camiones es ampliamente reconocido, sin embargo, en octubre de 2011, su producción y uso fueron prohibidos por una resolución de la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria (ANVISA). El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el uso de anfetaminas entre conductores de camión después de la implementación de esa resolución. Una muestra de conveniencia compuesta por 427 conductores de camiones fue abordada en las carreteras del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, en el año 2012. A los participantes se les pidió rellenar una encuesta estructurada, así como dar una muestra de orina para determinar el consumo reciente de anfetaminas, a través de análisis toxicológico. Entre los conductores evaluados, el 7% consumió recientemente algún estupefaciente, de los cuales un 2,7% había consumido anfetaminas. Aparte de los peligros asociados al uso de anfetaminas, y de la resolución que lo regula, ese uso sigue vigente entre los conductores de camión. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que las autoridades competentes supervisen la posesión, así como el consumo de anfetaminas, en el tráfico rodado.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Amphetamine-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Amphetamine/urine , Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data , Substance Abuse Detection/methods , Amphetamine-Related Disorders/urine , Amphetamine/administration & dosage , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Illicit Drugs/urine
9.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 18(5): 1247-1254, Mai. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-674731

ABSTRACT

The use of amphetamines in Brazil is common among truck drivers, which may be an important factor in the occurrence of traffic accidents. This article seeks to estimate the prevalence of amphetamine use among truck drivers. Drivers (N = 134) were stopped on two different highways in Sao Paulo state and they were asked to answer a questionnaire and provide a urine sample for toxicological analysis. All data were analyzed on Stata 8.0. All participants were males with low levels of schooling, whose mean age was 40.8 years. The presence of amphetamines was detected in 10.8% of all urine samples collected, being commonly justified in order to make truck drivers able to maintain their state of awareness. Amphetamine use was detected among truck drivers on Sao Paulo highways. The problem is that when the stimulant effects wear off, sleepiness due to sleep deprivation reduces concentration and good driver performance, making drivers vulnerable to traffic accidents and the related effects.


No Brasil, é comum o uso de anfetaminas por motoristas de caminhão, o que pode culminar na ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito. O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência do uso de anfetaminas entre caminhoneiros. Motoristas (N = 134) foram abordados em duas rodovias do Estado de São Paulo e solicitados a responder um questionário, assim como a fornecer uma amostra de urina para realização de análises toxicológicas. Todos os dados foram analisados em Stata 8.0. Todos os participantes eram do sexo masculino, de idade média de 40,8 anos e de baixa escolaridade. A presença de anfetaminas foi detectada em 10,8% das amostras de urina, cujo uso foi justificado para manter a vigília durante o trabalho. O uso de anfetaminas foi detectado entre caminhoneiros em rodovias de São Paulo. Cessado o efeito estimulante, a sonolência advinda de uma possível privação de sono diminui a atenção e o bom desempenho na direção, predispondo o condutor aos acidentes de trânsito e seus custos relacionados.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Amphetamine/adverse effects , Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects , Motor Vehicles , Substance-Related Disorders , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
11.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 21(6): 1065-1076, Nov.-Dec. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-602305

ABSTRACT

Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic beverage prepared by the decoction of plants native to the Amazon Basin region. The beverage has been used throughout the world by members of some syncretic religious movements. Despite the recent legalization of ayahuasca in Brazil for religious purposes, there is little pre-clinical and clinical information attesting to its safety, particularly in relation to the use during pregnancy. The aim of the current work was to determine the effects of perinatal exposure to ayahuasca (from the 6th day of pregnancy to the 10th day of lactation) on physical, reflexology and neurobehavioral parameters of the Wistar rat offspring. The offspring showed no statistically significant changes in the physical and reflexology parameters evaluated. However, in adult rats, perinatally exposed to ayahuasca, an increase in frequency of entries in open arms in elevated plus-maze test, a decrease in total time of interaction in social interaction test, a decrease in time of latency for the animal to start swimming and a decrease of the minimum convulsant dose induced by pentylenetetrazol were observed. In conclusion, our results showed that the use of ayahuasca by mothers during pregnancy and lactation reduced the general anxiety and social motivation of the rat offspring. Besides, it promoted a higher sensitivity for initiation and spread of seizure activity.

12.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 32(4): 389-395, dez. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-573849

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of psychotropic drug use among military police officers in the state of Goiás, Brazil. METHOD: Study carried out at twelve military police units located in the municipalities of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia between March to October 2008. Volunteers (n = 221) were interviewed about drug use using a questionnaire especially designed by the Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID). Descriptive statistics was used to determine the prevalence of licit and illicit drug use in the study sample. RESULTS: The frequency of use was divided into: 1) lifetime use: tobacco - 39.9 percent, alcohol - 87.8 percent, cannabis - 8.1 percent, cocaine - 1.8 percent, stimulants - 7.2 percent, solvents - 10.0 percent, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 6.8 percent, LSD - 0.5 percent, Bentyl® - 0.5 percent, anabolic steroids - 5.4 percent; 2) use in the previous year: tobacco - 15.4 percent, alcohol - 72.9 percent, stimulants - 6.3 percent, solvents - 0.5 percent, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 3.7 percent; 3) use in the previous 30 days: tobacco - 14.5 percent, alcohol - 57.5 percent, stimulants - 5.0 percent, solvents - 0.5, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 3.7 percent. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence rate of psychotropic drug use found amoung military police officers in two cities of the state of Goiás in Brazil can be considered an important factor with potential influence on job activities.


OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência do uso de drogas psicotrópicas por membros da Polícia Militar no Estado de Goiás, Brasil. MÉTODO: Estudo realizado de março a outubro de 2008 em 12 unidades da Polícia Militar dos municípios de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia. Participantes voluntários (n = 221) foram entrevistados sobre uso de drogas utilizando-se questionário desenvolvido pelo Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID). A estatística descritiva foi usada para determinar a prevalência de uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas na amostra estudada. RESULTADOS: A frequência de uso foi: 1) qualquer época da vida: tabaco - 39,9 por cento, álcool - 87,8 por cento, maconha - 8,1 por cento, cocaína - 1,8 por cento, estimulantes - 7,2 por cento, solventes - 10,0 por cento, sedativos, ansiolíticos e antidepressivos - 6,8 por cento, LSD - 0,5 por cento, Bentyl® - 0,5 por cento; esteroides anabolizantes - 5,4 por cento; 2) último ano: tabaco - 15,4 por cento, álcool - 72,9 por cento, estimulantes - 6,3 por cento, solventes - 0,5 por cento, sedativos, ansiolíticos e antidepressivos - 3,7 por cento; 3) último mês: tabaco - 14,5 por cento, álcool - 57,5 por cento, estimulantes - 5,0 por cento, solventes - 0,5, sedativos, ansiolíticos e antidepressivos - 3,7 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A alta prevalência do uso de drogas psicotrópicas por membros da Polícia Militar de duas cidades do Estado de Goiás, Brasil, pode ser considerada um fator importante com potencial influência sobre as atividades de trabalho.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Military Personnel/psychology , Police , Psychotropic Drugs/administration & dosage , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Prevalence , Workload , Workplace
13.
Clinics ; 63(3): 307-314, 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-484755

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To implement a selective and sensitive analytical method to quantify morphine in small volumes of plasma by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), aimed at post-operatively monitoring the drug. METHOD: A gas-liquid chromatographic method with mass detection has been developed to determine morphine concentration in plasma after solid phase extraction. Morphine-d3 was used as an internal standard. Only 0.5 mL of plasma is required for the drug solid-phase extraction in the Bond Elut-Certify®, followed by the quantification of morphine derivative by GC-MS using a linear temperature program, a capillary fused silica column, and helium as the carrier and make-up gas. The method was applied to determine morphine content in plasma samples of four patients during the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Patient-controlled analgesia with morphine was performed by a venous catheter, and a series of venous blood samples were collected. After the oro-After the orotracheal extubation, morphine plasma levels were monitored for up to 36 hours. RESULTS: The run time was 16 minutes because morphine and the internal standard were eluted after 8.8 minutes. The GC-MS method had 0.5 -1000 ng/mL linearity range (r²=0.9995), 0.1 ng/mL limit of detection, intraday and interday precision equivalent to 1.9 percent and 6.8 percent, and 0.1 percent and 0.8 percent systematic error (intraday and interday, respectively). The analytical method showed optimal absolute (98 percent) and relative (100.7 percent) recoveries. Morphine dose requirements and plasma levels are discussed. CONCLUSION: The analytical gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method is selective and adequate for morphine measurements in plasma for applications in clinical studies.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Analgesics, Opioid/blood , Drug Monitoring/methods , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Morphine/blood , Solid Phase Extraction , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Drug Stability , Morphine Derivatives/administration & dosage , Morphine Derivatives/blood , Morphine/administration & dosage , Postoperative Period , Sensitivity and Specificity
14.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 41(4): 467-476, out.-dez. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-433324

ABSTRACT

Esteróides androgênicos anabólicos (EAA) são substâncias naturais sintéticas ou semi-sintéticas derivadas da testosterona, utilizadas em atividades esportivas com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho físico pelo aumento de massa e força muscular. Apesar de causarem efeitos tóxicos graves, principalmente sobre os sistemas cardiovascular, hepático e neuro-endócrino, os EAA têm sido amplamente utilizados no âmbito esportivo. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a validação de um método para a determinação de esteróides e/ou seus produtos de biotransformação em amostras de urina por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). O método baseou-se na hidrólise enzimática de esteróides conjugados, no emprego da extração...


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Anabolic Agents/adverse effects , Anabolic Agents/toxicity , Anabolic Agents/urine , Doping in Sports , Physical Endurance , Chromatography, Gas , Hydrolysis , Mass Spectrometry , Water Quality
15.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 41(3): 351-358, jul.-set.2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-427930

ABSTRACT

Efedrinas sao aminas simpatomiméticas componentes de diversas especialidades farmacêuticas, utilizadas no tratamento de doenças respiratórias devido à sua ação descongestionante e broncodilatora. Atualmente, diversos produtos comercializados como suplementos nutricionais contêm efedrinas e são amplamente utilizados no meio esportivo, com o objetivo de facilitar a queima de gorduras e melhorar o desempenho. Entretanto, o uso indiscriminado destas substâncias pode acarretar série de efeitos tóxicos como hipertensão, taquicardia, cefaléia e tremores. Devido à sua ação psicoestimulante, foram incluídas na lista de substâncias proibidas nas atividades esportivas pelo Comitê Olímpico Internacional (COI) e estabelecidas...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Doping in Sports , Sympathomimetics/adverse effects , Sympathomimetics/toxicity , Sympathomimetics/therapeutic use , Substance Abuse Detection , Chromatography, Gas , Urine , Water Quality
16.
Rev. bras. toxicol ; 18(2): 123-130, 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435875

ABSTRACT

In the last years, numerous on-site drug-testing devices have become avaiable world-wide. These tests are based on antigen-antibody reactions and their main feature is the fast results obtained by color visualization. With the increased popularity of on-site drug testing, matters of performance (sensitivity, specificity) and applicability of these tests have been raised by specialists. In the present paper, fundamentals and efficiency of on-site drug-testing devices are reviewed. The indications and limitations of these devices are also discussed...


Subject(s)
Humans , Substance Abuse Detection/statistics & numerical data , Substance Abuse Detection/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Substance-Related Disorders , Immunologic Tests
17.
Rev. saúde pública ; 38(4): 552-556, ago. 2004. mapas, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-363398

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: No Brasil, desde 1992, inúmeras empresas comerciais e industriais vêm adotando programas de controle do uso de drogas de abuso no ambiente de trabalho. Nenhuma medida disciplinar ou demissionária é tomada sem antes se tentar a reabilitação do funcionário. O objetivo do estudo é apresentar o perfil do uso de drogas de abuso entre trabalhadores de diferentes empresas brasileiras. MÉTODOS: Amostras de urina de 12.700 indivíduos provenientes das cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras foram analisadas visando à detecção das principais drogas de abuso utilizadas no País: cocaína, maconha e anfetamina. A técnica de enzimaimunoensaio (EMIT) foi usada como análise de triagem para as substâncias pesquisadas. A confirmação dos resultados foi realizada pela espectrometria de massa associada à cromatografia em fase gasosa (GC/MS). A distribuição das amostras de acordo com as regiões geográficas foi: 72,0 por cento foram coletadas na região Sudeste, 13,8 por cento no Nordeste, 7,9 por cento originaram-se na região Sul, 5,7 por cento no Centro-Oeste e 0,6 por cento na região Norte. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos foram: 1,8 por cento de todas as amostras analisadas foram positivas para a presença de drogas de abuso, sendo que 0,5 por cento eram provenientes da região Sul, 1,1 por cento da região Nordeste, 1,2 por cento do Centro-Oeste, 1,3 por cento da região Norte e 2,2 por cento do Sudeste. A freqüência com que as diferentes drogas foram encontradas foi: 59,9 por cento para maconha, 17,7 por cento para cocaína, 14,6 por cento para anfetamina e 7,7 por cento para drogas em associação. CONCLUSÕES: A distribuição das drogas de abuso detectadas apresentou variações regionais. A maconha foi encontrada nas amostras de todas as regiões; a cocaína estava presente somente em amostras oriundas das regiões Centro-Oeste e Sudeste. A anfetamina foi detectada nas amostras provenientes do Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Sudeste.


Subject(s)
Residence Characteristics , Occupational Health , Occupational Health Services , Occupational Groups , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Substance-Related Disorders/urine
18.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 40(1): 75-83, jan.-mar. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-391015

ABSTRACT

O ecstasy comercializado, de maneira ilegal, normalmente sob a forma de comprimidos, com cores, aspectos, dimensões e logotipos variados. Quimicamente, é a metilenodioximetanfetamina (MDMA), um composto sintético com propriedades estimulante central e alucinogênicas. Devido à grande expansão do abuso de ecstasy, também tem aumentado o número de casos de intoxicações, decorrentes diretamente da droga (MDMA e análogas) e/ou de eventuais adulterantes. Algumas substâncias análogas à MDMA, já identificadas em comprimidos de ecstasy são: metilenodioxietilanfetamina (MDEA), metilenodioxianfetamina (MDA), metanfetamina e anfetamina. Como possíveis adulterantes, geralmente são encontradas cafeína e efedrinas...


Subject(s)
Hallucinogens , N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine , Illicit Drugs , Tablets , Chromatography, Gas
19.
São Paulo; s.n; 2004. 126 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-392386

ABSTRACT

O uso indiscriminado de substâncias psicoativas por motoristas e suas conseqüências no trânsito têm sido objeto de grande preocupação por parte de especialistas e da sociedade em geral. O Código de Trânsito Brasileiro de 1997 determina como infração gravíssima ®dirigir sob a influência de álcool, em nível superior a seis decigramas por litro de sangue, ou de qualquer substância entorpecente ou que determine dependência física ou psíquica¼. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como intuito investigar a utilização da saliva como espécime biológico para verificar o uso de álcool e drogas (anfetamina, metanfetamina, cocaína e maconha) por motoristas no trânsito...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Amphetamine , Amphetamine-Related Disorders , Cannabis , Cocaine , Cocaine-Related Disorders , Ethanol , Marijuana Abuse , Methamphetamine , Saliva , Substance-Related Disorders , Accidents, Traffic , Environmental Monitoring
20.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 37(1): 113-118, jan.-abr. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-314075

ABSTRACT

A imunofluorescência polarizada (IFP) é uma técnica de triagem recomendada para a determinação de benzoilecgonina, produto de biotransformação da cocaína, em urina de usuários deste fármaco. Foi investigada a possibilidade da aplicação da IFP para verificar o uso de cocaína analisando amostras de cabelo. Como nesse espécime biológico é encontrada maior concentração de cocaína do que de benzoilecgonina, foi desenvolvido um método capaz de promover a extração das duas substâncias e a posterior transformação da cocaína em benzoilecgonina. O método padronizado foi aplicado em amostras de cabelo provinientes de usuários de cocaína, sendo obtidos resultados positivos para benzoilecgonina em todas as análises realizadas...


Subject(s)
Cocaine/analysis , Cocaine/toxicity , Substance Abuse Detection , Hair , In Vitro Techniques , Pharmacology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/metabolism , Cocaine-Related Disorders/urine , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Specimen Handling , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL